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Quantify disruption and adaptation
Hazard, exposure and vulnerability determine physical risk; dependencies determine how disruption spreads. Adaptation can reduce expected loss but may also change rare-event performance. Use multiple scenarios rather than only historic averages.
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Working relationship
Illustrative expected annual loss = event probability × loss
What to keep separate
Expected loss hides timing, correlated failures and extreme consequences.
Your task
Compare cooling, flood protection or redundancy options including residual risk and maintenance dependencies.